Voriconazole LC-MS/MS
Monitoring trough levels of voriconazole is suggested in patients with impaired liver function, patients with pharmacogenomics polymorphisms associated with lower metabolism of voriconazole (e.g. genotypes CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3), and in patients taking other medications that affect CYP2C19 activity. Additionally, results may be clinically useful to determine if current dosing levels have achieved adequate therapeutic concentrations when treating at-risk patients prophylactically or when treating patients with invasive fungal infections. Results may also be used to evaluate reasons for therapeutic failure due to suboptimal drug levels or for toxicity potentially attributable to voriconazole.
About Antifungal Drug Level Monitoring
The successful management of invasive fungal infections (IFI) continues to pose a difficult challenge for physicians treating immunocompromised patients, and despite recent advances in therapy, the morbidity and mortality due to IFI remains unacceptably high.4 Triazole antifungal drugs are commonly used to either prevent or treat IFI in at-risk patients. However, extensive intra- and inter-patient variability is observed in the pharmacokinetics of triazole antifungal drugs. This variability supports quantitative monitoring, i.e., therapeutic drug monitoring of triazole blood drug levels.4,5
By using drug level monitoring with timely results, the physician is able to individualize drug dosage to improve efficacy and reduce toxicity. Drug monitoring of triazoles is included in the Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines for treating aspergillosis and candidiasis.6,7 Recommendations indicate that blood samples should be obtained one to two weeks after the start of therapy, immediately before the next dose (“trough time”) and repeated following a change in dosage, formulation, initiation or discontinuation of an interacting medication, potential treatment failure or non-adherence to dosing schedule. Patients with altered hepatic and/or renal clearance will also benefit from drug level monitoring of triazoles.
Several triazole drugs are commonly used to treat IFI in immunocompromised patients. Voriconazole is used in treatment for a broad range of fungal infections, including invasive aspergillosis, candidiasis and other emerging IFI. Posaconazole is a broad spectrum triazole antifungal agent for treatment and prophylaxis of fungal and mold infections, including candidiasis, aspergillosis and zygomycosis. Itraconazole is used as therapy for a variety of invasive and non-invasive fungal infections, and is approved for the treatment of histoplasmosis, aspergillosis, esophageal candidiasis, and oropharyngeal candidiasis. Isavuconazole (CRESEMBA) is used to treat invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis.1
ProcedureVoriconazole is extracted from biological matrix by simple protein precipitation with methanol followed by centrifugation. Chromatographic separation and quantitative analysis of the drug containing supernatant is performed using reversed-phase UPLC-MS/MS method. This test has not been cleared or approved for diagnostic use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Same day (within 8 - 12 hours from receipt of specimen), Monday through Saturday.
| Specimen Type | Test Code | CPT Code | NY Approved | Volume | Assay Range | Special Instructions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plasma | 3301 | 80285 | Yes | 1 mL (min. 0.5 mL) |
0.1-10 mcg/mL |
|
| serum | 3310 | 80285 | Yes | 1 mL (min. 0.5 mL) |
0.1-10 mcg/mL |
|
Ship Monday through Friday. Friday shipments must be labeled for Saturday delivery. All specimens must be labeled with patient's name and collection date. A Viracor Eurofins test requisition form must accompany each specimen. Multiple tests can be run on one specimen. Ship specimens FedEx Priority Overnight® to: Viracor Eurofins, 18000 W 99th St. Ste, #10, Lenexa, KS 66219.
Causes for RejectionWhole blood collected in serum or plasma gel, serum gel tubes, or specimen types other than those listed are not accepted.
Specimens are approved for testing in New York only when indicated in the Specimen Information field above.
The CPT codes provided are based on Viracor Eurofins' interpretation of the American Medical Association's Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes and are provided for general informational purposes only. CPT coding is the sole responsibility of the billing party. Questions regarding coding should be addressed to your local Medicare carrier. Viracor Eurofins assumes no responsibility for billing errors due to reliance on the CPT codes illustrated in this material.
References1. Astellas Pharma US, Inc., CRESEMBA® Package Insert.
2. von Mach MA1, Burhenne J, Weilemann LS. 2006. Accumulation of the solvent vehicle sulphobutylether beta cyclodextrin sodium in critically ill patients treated with intravenous voriconazole under
renal replacement therapy. BMC Clin Pharmacol. 2006 6:6.
3. Pascual A1, Calandra T, Bolay S, Buclin T, Bille J, Marchetti O. 2008. Voriconazole therapeutic drug monitoring in patients with invasive mycoses improves efficacy and safety outcomes. Clin Infect Dis. 46(2):201-11.
4. Andes D, Pascual A, Marchetti O. Antifungal Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Established and Emerging Indications. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009 Jan; 53(1):24–34.
5. Goodwin ML, Drew RH. Antifungal serum concentration monitoring: an update. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2008 Jan; 61(1):17–25.
6. Pappas PG1, Kauffman CA, Andes D, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of candidiasis: 2009 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2009 Mar 1; 48(5):503-35.
7. Walsh TJ1, Anaissie EJ, Denning DW, et al. Treatment of aspergillosis: clinical practice guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Feb 1; 46(3):326-60.
Ashbee HR, Barnes RA, Johnson EM, et al. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of antifungal agents: guidelines from the British Society for Medical Mycology. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014; 69: 1162-76.
Pascual A, Calandra T, Bolay S, et al. Voriconazole therapeutic drug monitoring in patients with invasive mycoses improves efficacy and safety outcomes. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 46: 201-11.
Tan K, Brayshaw N, Tomaszewski K, et al. Investigation of the potential relationships between plasma voriconazole concentrations and visual adverse events or liver function test abnormalities. J Clin Pharmacol 2006; 46: 235-43.